GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, 2020, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 35-50. https://doi.org/10.21455/gr2020.4-3
UDC 539.4
Abstract References Full text (in Russian)
DESTRUCTION OF QUARTZ DIORITE AT FRICTION
V.I. Vettegren(1,2), A.V. Ponomarev(1), V.B. Kulik(2), R.I. Mamalimov(1,2), I.P. Shcherbakov(2)
(1) Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
(2) Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Abstract. Using methods of fractoluminescence (with resolution of 2 ns), photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy, information was obtained on the structure and evolution of defects formed on the surface of nanocracks in low albite and quartz crystals in friction of leucocratic quartz diorite. Before friction, the rock contained 60–70 % of low albite and 15–20 % of quartz with crystal sizes from ≈100 to 800 μm. After friction for about 1 ms, the crystal sizes decreased to 1–3 μm. The concentration of quartz crystals decreased by an order, and of low albite by ≈3 times. In quartz and low albite crystals remaining after destruction, the concentration of defects of Fe3+ ions and ≡Si-O● radicals increased by an order. At fracture, clusters of four cracks having a size of a few nanometers are formed. The average value of the time interval between the occurrence of two successive clusters is ≈60 ns. Nanocracks in clusters are formed one after another after 7–10 ns. It is assumed that cracks are formed when dislocations break through the barriers that arise at the intersection of sliding planes. The growth rate and sizes of nanocracks are determined; the dynamics of their accumulation was studied. The first crack is the largest – the area of its edges in low albite crystals is ≈36 nm2; the area of edges of other nanocracks is ≈18 nm2. In quartz crystals the size of the surface area of the crack edges is three times less, i.e. ≈10 nm2. The Gutenberg-Richter law that is known in seismology and links the number of destruction sources with the energy of their formation, is also fulfilled for nanocracks in low albite.
Keywords: friction, destruction, quartz, low albite, nanocracks.
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