GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, 2016, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 32-44. DOI: 10.21455/gr2016.3-3
UDC 550.344.42, 551.510.535, 537.87
Abstract References Full text (in Russian) Full text (in English)
THE LOWER IONOSPHERE ELECTROMAGNETIC RESPONSE TO TSUNAMI PROPAGATION
M.S. Solovieva(1), A.A. Rozhnoi(1), S.L. Shalimov(1,2), B.W. Levin(3),
G.V. Shevchenko(3), V.B. Gurianov(3)
(1) Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
(2) Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
(3) Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russia
Abstract. The observations of the very low frequency (VLF) electromagnetic signals at stations in Russia (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky and Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk) and Japan (Moshiri) have been used to analyze the response of the lower ionosphere to the tsunamis triggered by the Kuril, 2006, Japan, 2011 and Chile, 2010, earthquakes. A significant decrease in the amplitude (about 10–15 dB) together with phase variations of up to 40 degrees relative to the normal signal level have been found after the earthquakes during the tsunami wave propagation along the path transmitter–receiver. The analysis of the VLF signal was carried out for nighttime observations when the ionosphere is more sensitive to external factors than the sunlit ionosphere. The results of analysis of the VLF observations were compared to the sea-level measurements from Japanese network of GPS buoys situated along Japan coastline for the Japan tsunami and with data from the Deep-ocean Assessments and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART) stations situated in the Pacific Ocean near Hawaiian Islands and offshore Kamchatka for the Chilean tsunami. The analysis of spectral characteristics of VLF variations has shown good coincidence of the frequency maxima with in-situ data of sea-level oscillations (8–50 min). The results of the work confirm that the detected lower ionosphere perturbations are likely generated by the tsunami-driven internal gravity waves.
Keywords: tsunami, sub-ionospheric electromagnetic signals, the lower ionosphere, internal gravity waves.
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